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'PATENTED DEC. 15, 1903.

3. W. STEWART. KILN.

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No. 746,757. PATENTED DEC. 15, 1903. a W. STEWART.

KILN.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 13, 1903. N0 MODEL. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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No. 746,757. PATENTED DEG. 15, 1903.

R. W. STEWART.

KILN.

' APPLIGATION mum my. 13, 1902.

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Patented December 15, 1903.

PATENT. OFFICE. I

ROBERT w. STEWART, OF-FIN-DLAY, orno.

KlgLN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 746,757, dated December 15, 1903. Application filed January 13, 1903- Serial No. 138.928. (No model.)

Toall whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ROBERT W. STEWART, a

citizen of the United States, residing at Findclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled inthe art to which itap pertains to make and use the same.

Theinvention relates more especially to continuous kilns for burning brick, tile, pottrances H at their lower ends, but near the tery, and other ceramic products. 7

The objects of the invention are toinsure' the production of evenly-burned-Ware and to make use of the'heat from ware burned or being burned by passing it through warepartially or wholly unburned, thereby saving fuel and. time.

The invention consists in the construction hereinafter described and claimed, the claims not being limited to the specific construction shown. j V

In the accompanying drawings, showing an embodiment of the improvements, Figure-1 is a perspective view, ten ware-chambers being shown arranged in two batteries of five each, the passages of the end chambers of each battery being connected or supplemented by tunnels. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical sec,- tional view on the line 2 2,.Fig. 4, through the center of one of the batteries. Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section on the line 1 ,1, Fig. 4, through one of the tunnels. Fig.4 is a horizontal section on the lined 4, Fig. 2, showing on the left the plan of the fines directly under thefloor and on the right a section above the floor. Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section on the line 3 3, Figs. 2 and 4, through the burning-chambers. Fig. 6 is a detailed oblique View. of the passage from the chimneys to the adjoining ware-chambers. Fig. 7 is a detail view of the top of a kiln and passages from the chimneys to the adjoining ware-chamber when the improvement is used on temporary brick-kilns, otherwise termed scoved kilns, Dutch kilns, &c.

In the several views A designates the fireboxes or furnaces.

B designates the under floor-fines arranged in pairs, each pair leading in the opposite'direction to that of the pair next to it. Each 2 pair of dues B leads at one. end from a firebox, while the other end communicates with a bag-flue or pocket F.

G designates footing courses upon which the underfloor-flue walls D are erected.

E is a thin tight floor resting directly-upon the under-floor-fiue Walls D. The pocket or bag-fines F lead from the floor-fines to near the top of the ware-chambers.

G G G G G are ware-chambers in which ware is placed to be burned.

I I I I 1 &c., are chimneys having enfloors of the ware-chambers. The upper ends of the chimneys connect both with the open.

air and Withthe adjoining ware-chamber through passagesM from the chimney through the crownof the kiln. The chimneys are furnished with slab-dampers J, adapted to close the opening to the atmosphere, and also with dampers K, adapted to be inserted through the top of the chimney by means of a handle L to close the opening. When the heat of one chamber is to be directed into the adjoining chamber, the damper J is put on and the damper K, taken out, and when the gases are to be let into the atmosphere the damper K isinsert'ed and the damper J removed.

. N- designates .spaces in the lower portions of the outer Wallsof each of the end chambers whichcommunicate with the said end chambers and with tunnels 0,- connecting the opposite end chambers, so that the heat from. one end chamber can be directed to-the end chamber of theopposite battery ofkilns.

h designates, auxiliary entrances to the chimneys, which normally are leftclosed, but are adapted to be opened and used to supplement the entrances H when desired. r

The operation of the kiln is as follows: Suppose the three cham hers G G and G to be filled with ware. combustion pass from the furnaces A of the" chamber Gr through the flues B under the door E to the bags F, heating the floor on the way. The heat is conducted through the thin tight floor, thereby helping to burn the Wars in the bottom of the ware-chamber G The heat then passes up the bag-fines F to a point almost at the top of the chamber, where it turns and passes down through the ware and escapes through the chimney-entrances H to The heat and products of the chimney 1 The heat and. products of combustion then passinto the top of the chamber G3 down through the ware and into the chimney I through its entrance H. In the mean time the heat from the furnaces A under the chamber G passes into said chamber G through its bag-fines F, thus combining with and supplementing that from the chamber G The gases and heat are confined and made to pass through successive chambers until all the available heat is made use of or until they become loaded with moisture, at which point the dampers K are inserted,thereby allowing such gases to escape into the atmosphere, as indicated by the arrows, Fig. 2, in the chimney I. In this way a part of the ware-chambers can be in operation while the others are being emptied or refilled. In case the last chamber of a battery is in operation the heat passes down through the openings H into the tunnel connection N through the tunnel O to the connection N at the other end of the tunnel and thence to the chimney in the other battery.

In the form of the invention illustrated in Fig. 7 I prefer to build all or a part of the structure of unburned brick at the same time the ware-chambers are filled, the brick of the structure to be burned and marketed along with the brick or other articles burned in the the ware being set loosely to a depth of several inches below the tight platting. In said Fig. 7, P designates the tight platting of the top, and Q the open setting just referred to.

ters Patent, is

having the following parts, to wit: a fireplace,

under floor-fines, bag-fines connected at their I lower ends with said under floor-flues and opening at their upper ends near the top of the kiln, combined with chimneys between said ware-chambers each com municating with one of the adjoining ware-chambers and havi ng openings discharging both into the atmosphere and into the adjoining kiln.

2. In a kiln, two batteries of ware-chambers, each ware-chamber of each battery having the following parts, to wit: a fireplace,

under floor-fines, bag-fines connected at their lower ends with said under floor-flues and opening at their upper ends near the top of the kiln, combined with chimneys intermediate all the ware-chambers each chimney communicatingwith one ware-chamber-and having openings capable of discharging either into the next ware-chamber or into the atmosphere and a tunnel connecting the end chambers of the two batteries.

3. In a kiln, the combination of a series of ware-chambers each having a furnace at opposite sides and under floor-flues extending from each of said furnaces to the opposite wall of the ware-chamber, bag-fines in said walls connected at their lower ends with the exit ends of said under fioor-flues and opening at their upper ends near the top of the kiln, and chimneys between said ware-chambers communicating with the lower portion of one of the adjoining ware-chambers and having openings discharging both into the atmosphere and into the adjoining ware-chamber.

4. In a kiln, the combination of a series of ware-chambers each having afireplace or furnace, under floor-fines, bag-fines connected at their lower ends with the exit ends of said under floor-fines and opening at their upper ends near the top of the kiln, and chimneys between said ware-chambers each communicating with one of the adjoining ware-chambers and having openings discharging both into the atmosphere and into the adjoining kiln and movable dampers for controlling the discharging-openings of said chimneys.

5. In a kiln, aseries of ware-chambers, each having the following parts, to wit: a fireplace, What I claim, and desire to secure by Letunder floor-fines, bag-flues connected at their ends with said under floor-fines and opening 1. In akiln, aseries of ware-chambers, each at their upper ends near the top of the kiln, combined with chimneys between said warechambers communicating with the lower portion of one of the adjoining ware-chambers and having openings discharging into the atmosphere and into the upper portion of the adjoining ware-chamber.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ROBERT W. STEWART. Witnesses:

CHAS. A. BLACKFORD, A. L. STEWART. 

